Childhood Obesity And Other Obesity Related Behaviors

Healthy People 2020 defines a built environment as the conditions â€Å"in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of life settings (e.g., school, church, workplace, and neighborhood)† (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2013, para. 5). The built environment plays a major role in physical activity and other obesity-related behaviors. According to Paxson, Donahue, Oreleans, and Grisso (2006), over the past forty years, the built environment has changed dramatically affecting healthy behaviors and outcomes such as poor diet, physical inactivity, obesity and the disproportionate burden of these health risks among certain subpopulations (Rossen Pollack, 2012). Childhood Obesity in Los Angeles County Los Angeles County, the second largest city in the United States with a county population 10,441,089 in 2010 has been reported to have the highest levels of economic hardship (Dunn et al., 2013). According to County of Los Angeles Public Health (2013, January), â€Å"poverty in childhood has long-lasting effects limiting life expectancy and worsening health for the child’s life, even if social conditions subsequently improve† (p.3). A recent study in Los Angeles County showed that adolescents living in low-income neighborhood were nine times as likely to be overweight as those living in well-off neighborhoods (â€Å"Policy Priorities: Childhood Obesity,† 2012). These residents, like thoseShow MoreRelatedApplying the Background and Methodology of the Research Process796 Words   |  4 Pageselements also help to define the uniqueness of the study. The article addresses the problem of childhood obesity, which is a significant issue in health care. The prevalence of obesity during childhood is on the increase across various parts of the globe, especially in the United States. Childhood obesity is associated with multiple chronic health conditions, including premature death during adulthood. The childhood health problem is promoted by the modern environment, which encourages overeating of foodsRead MoreA Large Number Of Children Around The World Especially1176 Words   |  5 Pagestaken. Establishing the causes of obesity in children is a priority as it can help to develop effective preventive measures. The nature/nurture dichotomy is a central aspect in childhood obesity. Essentially, there are divided opinions on whether the propensity to conserve calories and fat in the body, which leads to obesity, is caused by biological factors (nature) or psychosocial as well as behavioral factors (nurture). This essay will argue that chi ldhood obesity results from the interaction ofRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Threat Health Concern For The Children857 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood obesity poses an imminent health concern for the children in the community. These children are at risk for numerous types of chronic health condition, which can continue into adulthood. In addition, childhood obesity can lead to children having depression, low self-esteem, poor self-image as a consequence of being overweight (RothMedically, 2005). The prevalence of obesity remains due to low physical activity, resulting in a high rate of obesity of children within the population (OgdenRead MoreEthics And Prevention Of Childhood Obesity946 Words   |  4 PagesPractice Issue and Significance of Obesity management and prevention The practice issue in question is the management and prevention of childhood obesity. Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to the 95th percentile (Lopez, 2016. p 243). This problem is highly influenced by factors such as lack of activity, high caloric intake more than what the body needs to function well. Childhood obesity is at alarming rate in the United States. It is one of the major publicRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Genetics1267 Words   |  6 Pagesample statistics of obesity in the past decades has motivated researchers to conduct more studies to find out if obesity is genetic or if it is a learned behavior. Obesity has always existed in our population, but recent studies have taken an increment to make comparative data between obesity and genetics. Moreover, studies are trying to find strategies for the prevention of weight gain to help public health and avoid the rising of obesity. As consequences, childhood obesity has developed an ep idemicRead MoreMedia Coverage Of Childhood Obesity941 Words   |  4 Pagescoverage contributes to how childhood obesity is framed and stigmatized in Canadian society. The media contributes to changes in popular culture, which can affect how the dilemma of childhood obesity is viewed and addressed. Several forms of media, including campaigns, social media, and the news help to construct popular opinions when looking at the issue. The views provided by different media platforms and organizations help to frame the problem of childhood obesity, and address the problems associatedRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Growing Problem1378 Words   |  6 PagesDid you know that obesity has become such a ‘growing’ quandary that for the first time ever today’s children are expected to have a life expectancy that is shorter than their parents (Gance-Cleveland, Gilbert, Kopanos, Gilbert, 2009, p. 72)? Obesity in children and adolescents has become a worldwide epidemic, increas ing every year. In fact, childhood obesity in the United States (US) has increased to 17%, which has nearly tripled the prevalence of obesity in the last three decades (Center forRead MoreChildhood Obesity. Childhood Obesity Is A Growing Problem1085 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood Obesity Childhood obesity is a growing problem in the United States. Childhood obesity is defined as a child being at or above the 95th percentile for the child’s age and sex (Dietz, 1998). According to the Center of Disease Control â€Å"Childhood obesity has more than doubled in children and quadrupled in adolescents in the past 30 years. The percentage of children aged 6–11 years in the United States who were obese increased from 7% in 1980 to nearly 18% in 2012† (CDC, 2017). There areRead MoreThe Effects Of Childhood Obesity: An Epidemic In Our Nation.1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Childhood Obesity: An Epidemic in Our Nation Seema Patel A Capstone Proposal Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Healthcare Administration KAPLAN UNIVERSITY March 2017 The Effects of Childhood Obesity: An Epidemic in Our Nation Childhood obesity is a greatest public health concern in our nation because it has an immediate and long-term effect on morbidity and mortality later in life. Experts in this epidemic suggest that there isRead MoreEssay on Are Parents to Blame for Childhood Obesity?1489 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood obesity is an epidemic in the United States. One out of five children in the U.S. are obese. In fact, â€Å"Approximately 17% (or 12.5 million) of children and adolescents aged 2—19 years are obese (Obesity rates among, 2011). The childhood obesity rates have steadily risen since 1980 and many children are now suffering from what were once thought of as adult illnesses, such as elevated cholesterol levels, hypertension, arthritis, and diabetes. Several internal and external factors contribute

Homosexual Experience Cheating on My Wife - 2512 Words

I grew up in a very non-visibly gay part of the country: The Midwest. Worse even- I hail from a staunch evangelical family. Before now, my parents had never known anyone openly gay. This completely rendered my formative exposure to a minimum. I also grew up without cable, which does indeed retard my adulthood pulp conversations. My ideas of homosexuality were predominately characterized by Ernie and Bert on Sesame Street and Jack Tripper from Threes Company, whose character only pretended to be gay to get cheap rent. There was also a neighbor boy on Too Close For Comfort, whom was just assumed to be gay, but was never outed. When I was twelve and thirteen I latched on to role-model boys. The pictures I choose to put beside my†¦show more content†¦I wondered what the guys did in there. And honestly, I didn?t fully know. I wanted to know. ?They are probably sucking each other off at this very moment! Someone could suck me off in there!? My thoughts and pulse raced. The ease of such sin scared and excited me. I was feeling increasingly funny every time I went past what I later found out to be deemed the ?Gayborhood?, or even just an attractive man on the street. More than just blushing or giddiness, my crotch actually burned. It tingled. I was so stimulated- more than just hard- more than just erect- I was on fire: Flaming. On the second evening of my two week bachelorhood, I boldly toured the two big bars that I was sure were gay. This night I first inhaled what is now ingrained into my memory: Pinesol + cologne + cigarettes + man-sweat and air-conditioning = any standard gay bar aroma. I second-guessed myself throughout my entire gay pub-crawl. What was I doing there? I figured they had rainbow flags so they must be gay but they also had drinks. After all, I rationalized that I wanted to drink. I settled into the big pink bar, the 12th Air Command. In the years to follow I would find more comfort in the other, larger and higher volume of younger eye-candy bar, Woody?s. Their drinks are considerably stronger and cheaper. But everywhere, the smell remains the same. Cold air-conditioning early in the evening magnifies the smell. The rooms heat up as the clock approaches midnight- whenShow MoreRelatedGender Sexuality As A Social Construct1601 Words   |  7 PagesStreetcar Named Desire† and also to draw a comparison between the way in which heterosexual men were treated as opposed to homosexual men, by focusing on the parallels between Stanley and Allen. Thus, I am going to split this essay in two parts: the first one deals with the portrayal of both in the play and the second is concerned with how they were treated by society. In order to reach my goal, I’ll also make use of the theories developed by Tyson, Foucault and Guilbert. Stanley â€Å"the man† vs. Allan â€Å"theRead MoreGender And Sexual Identity Within Funhome 1536 Words   |  7 Pages Gender and Sexual Identity within â€Å"Funhome† In the novel â€Å"Fun Home†, the main character and author, Alison Bechdel, struggles to identify her sexual orientation while discovering that her father is a closet homosexual pedophile. The theme of sexual and gender identity is very apparent throughout the novel mainly due to the fact that Alison is struggling to identify that she is a lesbian and the fact that her dad is also gay.Alison and her dad struggled to assume the â€Å"proper† gender rolesRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Children1694 Words   |  7 Pagesyou hit your child is an act of abuse. The most affected in the family are the children because they are too young to understand certain things that happen in life. Domestic also depends or varies because of family culture, background, and the experiences that some people have had in the past in their house and in the communities in which they live. Domestic violence is a word with so much power because is controlling most of the human†™s minds. Every day, every week, every month, every year the numberRead MoreGender Roles : Gender And Sexuality1319 Words   |  6 Pagesthe individual and the cultural group they are a part of (Yarber, p. 125). For instance, in my culture, which is hispanic, there is a fairly clear split between the males role versus the women. The women are to typically stay home to clean and cook for the family. Additionally, to present themselves and pure and self-giving. Whereas the men of the house, are in control of everything, including their wife. Although for some, it seems as though when a child is born, they are either a clear cut boyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby And The Color Purple1609 Words   |  7 PagesGatsby’s house as a â€Å"factual imitation of some Hotel De Ville†, this goes back to the whole superficiality surrounding Gatsby and the idea that the life he leads is based entirely on a lie. He’s created and built this house on a foundation of his past experiences, in the hope that he may one day be accepted into the ‘West egg’, ‘old money’ circle, and ultimately fulfil his romance with Daisy. Nick throughout the novel seems to admire Gatsby’s â€Å"gift for hope†, many men after the First World War were leftRead MoreAnswers about The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald3327 Words   |  13 Pagessize difference between the billboard and the people of the city represents how insignificant the lives of the citizens of the Valley of Ashes are compared to the r ich in the perspective of the rich. 3) My first impression of George Wilson is a quiet man with a submissive personality. His wife cheats on him in plain sight and he is unaware, suggesting he is a dull man. He does not question his wife’s suspicious actions with Tom or of leaving the city, accentuating how he is easily manipulated andRead MoreEssay on EMINEM: How Much Damage Can You Do With a Pen3773 Words   |  16 PagesWith a Pen Damn how much damage can you do with a pen, says rapper Eminem in his song titled, Who Knew. This song is on Eminem’s most recent and most controversial album, The Marshall Mathers LP. If it possible for one single quote to sum up my research paper, then this quote does it. There exists an intense and extremely controversial set of circumstances surrounding Eminem and his music. Eminem’s lyrics have been intensely criticized lately and have been categorized as hate-filled and inappropriateRead MoreCuckolding: A Phenomenon of Sexual Evolution2010 Words   |  9 Pagesusually mean the same thing for both or all in the relationship. Cuckolding is unique in its self, usually initiated by the male partner (Ley, 2009), who is the cuckold, and wants to witness his partner having consensual sex with another male. It piqued my interest because it seems to go against the popular evolutionary themes of male possessive behavior. Theories of evolution have been quite male centric a nd marred by various degrees of patriarchy. The popular evolutionary model seems to state that menRead MoreProstitution, Premature Ejaculation, and Abortion: Sexuality in America2729 Words   |  11 Pagesand by exploring my sexuality through personal experiences. I do not consider myself to have experienced much exposure to sexual behavior but I do have a cultural bias to what I consider a heavy amount of exposure because the North American culture is considered more promiscuous and sexually active than other cultures. In order to further understand my experiences one must acknowledge the cultural background, which constructs my opinions towards sex, sexuality, and gender role. My opinions about sexualityRead MoreTruth in Media Essays2591 Words   |  11 Pagesof the conversation. He says to continue talking about subjects and maybe things will change. Manipulation The power of subliminal persuasion is an article from mens health magazine in July 2013 edition. It is an article describing how to get you wife or girlfriend to have sex with you through subliminal persuasion. It starts out with this quote â€Å"Money worries have increased marital arguments by 59%, but getting your own way need not mean blood and thunder†. The article does into how certain substances

Andragogy Self-Directed Learning in My Personal Perspective Free Essays

Yet it is interesting to note that it was not Lineman who taught Knowles the term ‘androgyny; Lineman used the word in Cavities, introduced Knowles to the word and its meaning, since the term has had much more currency in the Eastern European countries than it has had until recently n the West. 20th Century Thinkers in Adult Education by Peter Serves THE ANDROGYNY When applying androgyny to learning, task or goal of the learner will determine if direct or indirect methods of instruction should be used. If a concept is one that is previously unknown to the learner, then more direct instruction will be necessary. We will write a custom essay sample on Andragogy: Self-Directed Learning in My Personal Perspective or any similar topic only for you Order Now An effective method is to address specific topics of immediate concern and then expand to how it can be applied in other situations. However, the learner needs to know why the concept to be learned is important in order for the learner to remain motivated. Despite the learner ultimately having control of learning through self-directed means, the instructor and instructional designer needs to facilitate the opportunities for the learner to experience growth. Androgyny reorients adult educators from educating people to helping them learn. The methods used may range from isolated instruction within a curriculum or integrated instruction. It may also encompass intentional and unintentional learning situations. As an example, when designing materials to facilitate learning a computer program, providing a list of commands that must be memorized is inadequate. The instructions need to be organized by task and presented in a manner similar to how it will be used. There is a significant amount of flexibility provided in regards to the development of interpersonal and interpersonal dimensions. However, the learner must be within an environment that values self-directed learning. Knowles places an emphasis on the concept of the safe environment. In particular with workplace training and development, McGregor Theory X ; Theory Y Management Philosophy comes into play. If an organization is based in Theory X and they attempt to utilize training ; development based n the principles found in Rorer’s Experiential Learning, then there will be resistance to the training that could prevent its success. Knowles envisioned that learning was lifelong. A particular skill might be taught once; however, within a supportive environment, the learner might learn new approaches or methodologies from their fellow learners over time. Even though there is a lot of emphasis on the self-directed learner, this person cannot exist in a vacuum. They need to be surrounded by other self-directed learners and grouped in a manner that they can learn new perspectives from learners with different, but applicable experiences. Androgyny, Malcolm Knowles, by Steven R. Crawford THE SIX ASSUMPTIONS OF ANDROGYNY Knowles had already begun building a comprehensive theory of adult learning that is anchored in the characteristics of adult learners. Beginning with concepts researched by Cross (Adult Learning Theory), Eagan (Conditions of Learning), Hole, Rogers (Experiential Learning), Tough, and others, he developed the angelical model based on several assumptions that differed from the accepted pedagogical models. The Need to Know An adult needs to know why they need to learn something before undertaking to learn it. Similar to myself, the decision I had made to further my study in knowledge. Knowledge can be gain anywhere, I can improve my knowledge Just trough reading education material in National Library or buying books from the books store. The main reason first come up in my mind was I need to improve my colonization with people and build confidence in myself while communicate with other people in proper manner. We can communicate with our friends, neighbors, siblings or relatives but usually we use our own mother tongue language and sometimes I do not know how to explain, describes or give opinion so that people can understand and not keep hurt feeling if I was wrong in using word. From my point of view, learning to use correct word according to situation is only can be tough in formal classroom because I will force myself to accept other people comment toward me. The Learner’s Self-concept Adults have a self-concept of being responsible for their own decisions, for their own lives. Once they have arrived at that self-concept they develop a deep psychological need to be seen by others and treated by others as being capable of self-direction. When making decision to continuing my study, I had put all important things in my fife into consideration and isolate unimportant things. The hard thing for me to made decision is I do not have financial support as I Just quit from my Job because I felt not confidence to communicate because my Job was as customer service, at the same time I had car loan, personal loan to be paid and daily expenses to be put in count so yet I decide to do part-time work during my study and my parents lend me their money before I got my scholarship. All this decision I made nevertheless not depending on others decision and I bared all the consequences if a failed to finish my study with flying colors. The Role of the Learner’s Experience Adults come into educational activity with both a greater volume and a different quality of experience from youths. Differ from my experience when study in diploma, all decision is made by my parents and influence from friends. I Just follow directly what course I should choose to learn and what university I had to go. This kind of experience give me lack value of knowledge, I Just study to pass not for my own sake. This decision, the way I am study and what sort of material I need to prepared is guidance by past experience, I become more tolerate in time schedule and more Ochs on my study. Opportunity to improve soft skills such as communication skill is grabbing when time has come. Take example when international student asking me about subject being taught in class I force myself trying hardly to explain so that they can really understand me and that give me very high satisfaction. Readiness to Learn Adults become ready to learn those things they need to know and be able to do in order to cope effectively with their real-life situation. Every subject I been taught in class will be relate to my real-life, question will floating in my mind what if I used this teeth in my work or use it in my daily life. I love new experience and ready to be out from my comfort zone. That is means; I ready to learn something new or used different method to solve problem even thought I already have my own method that I familiar with. Take example, when your friend told you there is other way to understand one paragraph, event I used to with my own may, but I try to do with their way which is new to me. Usually I am easy to cope with new environment and environment does not mean that I forget my own culture, I will used it to compare, adapting good thing and share it with my own people. Orientation to Learning In contrast to children’s and youths’ subject-centered orientation to learning (at least in school), adults are life-centered (or task-centered or problem-centered) in their orientation to learning. Exactly, when I want to learn something I will find solution by collecting data from many sources such as magazines, internet or books that give me immediate solution for example if I got new knowledge on how to planning my work schedule I will immediately practice it with my daily life so that it will easier for me to familiar with new schedule. Outside from class room or formal learning, I also learn from informal learning such as, understand other people culture as study in Universities Ethnology Malaysia (TM) need me to socialize with foreign student, in the way to have good relationship with them I need to try at least to understand the way of their thinking sometimes their culture might be different from my own culture. Having good relationship with other people is actually a ticket for me to learn how they develop their culture and successful in what they are doing especially the Chinese and also the Arabic people. Motivation While adults are responsive to some external motivators (better Jobs, promotions, higher salaries, and the like), the most potent motivators are internal pressures (the desire for increased Job satisfaction, self-esteem, quality of life and the like). It is hard for me to find a good Job that relate to what I had study in my undergraduate because in Malaysia’s Job market, there is so many applicant that compete for the position which is at the same level of our certificate especially in government sector. The position for grade 41 usually offered only quartile (in my point of view) from total applicant under same certification level and this give very tough competition among us. How to cite Andragogy: Self-Directed Learning in My Personal Perspective, Essays

Contextualising The Play Essay Paper Example For Students

Contextualising The Play Essay Paper King Lear is a play influenced by history and predominantly affected by contemporary social, cultural and stately events of the early 17th Century. To contextualise the play I will look at cultural, social and historical background and distinguish how this had an effect on Shakespeares inspiration to write King Lear. A lot of the characters and inspiration for King Lear came from the society around Shakespeare. He observed lots of contemporary rumours and stories in the news about scandal between fathers and daughters. For example, Sir William Allen, a former Lord Mayor of London, split his estate between his three daughters and arranged to live alternately with each. But all three treated him cruelly and disrespectfully. Another popular subject of gossip in 1603-4 was Sir Brian Annesley. His youngest daughter Cordell defended him against her eldest sister who tried to have her aged father certified mad so that she could take control of his estate and wealth. This must have been the inspiration for the main story line for King Lear, he used the idea for Gonoril and Regan to betray their father from the three daughters of Sir William Allen and then altered it to include one daughter defending and truly loving the father from the story about Sir Brian Annesley, where he also got the name for the good daughter, Cordelia form Annesleys daughter Cordell. Historical affairs also had an effect on the plays characters and themes. Shakespeare must have the book by Raphael Holinsheds. Who wrote the Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland, which told of a story of a King Leir and his three daughters Gonorilla, Regan, and Cordeilla. This inevitably must have been the inspiration for the names of the three daughters in King Lear; Goneril, Regan and Cordelia. The main idea for the tale of King Lear would probably have come from Shakespeare reading the legendary story of Lear, first told in Geoffrey of Monmouths History of England, written in the 13th Century. Other inspiration for the plot and subplot in King Lear may have come from a play and two texts that affected Shakespeare. Shakespeare may have seen a play first performed in the 1590s called, The True Chronicle History of King Leir. It was then published in 1605, no characters died in the play, but it contained the stage direction of thunder and lightning which would have given Shakespeare the inspiration for the storm scene. Shakespeare may also have read a prose romance called, Arcadia. A novel by Sir Philip Sidney that was published in 1590, in the book there was a story about a man having one good son and one bad and how this effected the family. Shakespeare would have used this to create the subplot of Gloucester and his good son Edgar and his evil son Edmund. Edgars language as Poor Tom is an interesting creation, but again it was not Shakespeares invention. In 1603 Samuel Harsnett produced a pamphlet called, A Declaration of Egregious Popish Impostures. It was an anti-Catholic pamphlet and it included a lot of strange language and demons names. It is said that this is where Shakespeare took a great deal of Poor Toms language. Another relevant happening of the time was the succession of James I to the throne. Elizabeth Is reign ended in 1603 and James I became King later that year. During Elizabeth Is reign England was in a time of prosperity, she reformed England massively. She had a good domestic and foreign policy and was loved by all classes in England. James I was the new monarch and he did not fulfil the expectations of the public. In comparison to Elizabeth he was weak. James I repressed the Protestants as strongly as he had the Catholics. He believed in the Divine Right of Kings and he enforced the superiority of the state over the church. .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5 , .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5 .postImageUrl , .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5 , .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5:hover , .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5:visited , .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5:active { border:0!important; } .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5:active , .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5 .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf2300917e3c784c8cc8b6b0f82aa4af5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Marino Faliero monologue from the play by Lord Byron Essay ThesisThe Divine Right of Kings was an ancient doctrine that stated that monarchs were representatives of God and derived their right to rule directly from God, giving them to ultimate right to the throne. It meant Kings would only answer to God and would not follow secular law, giving them the opportunity to do whatever they wanted and get away with it. Shakespeare probably was thinking about the political anxieties at the end of Queen Elizabeths reign and the beginning of King James Is reign. The public disliked James and his methods of kingship led to fears of civil war and of the kingdom being divided. Parliament were also challenging the monarchy at this time. They wanted more power to represent the people, each man representing his area and his peoples view. They felt the monarchs had too much power and Parliament should have a much larger effect on decisions in domestic policy. King Lear was written at the time of the turmoil in England, in his Jacobean play Shakespeare would have considered the incompetence of James and incorporated that into his character of Lear. This new style of kingship would have inspired some of the themes in the play such as, what rights and respect Kings had. Shakespeare was getting older and wiser and he challenged Kingship and made political criticisms in the play, the audience would have picked up on these thoughts as his plays were extremely popular, respected and enjoyed. London was a over populated city, overcrowding in houses and bad hygiene, led to disease being easily passed on throughout the city and when the plague appeared most would catch it, medicine was not an established and working system, they could only quarantine the infected and did not know cures for most diseases. Shakespeares play were a form of escapism for society, they appealed to the lower and upper classes. Shakespeare wrote his plays so that the upper educated classes could understand and enjoy his witty word puns and lengthy descriptions and he also wrote after the descriptions a short understandable line to sum up the description so that the less educated could enjoy and understand the play also. Culturally Europe was under the effects of the renaissance. The flowering of the arts, it stemmed mainly form Italy, as well as France and England lightly affecting the period. It was a rebirth of life, a period of European history that saw a renewed interest in the arts. The Renaissance began in 14th-century Italy and spread to the rest of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. In this period, the fragmented feudal society of the Middle Ages, with its agricultural economy and church-dominated intellectual and cultural life, was transformed into a society increasingly dominated by central political institutions, with an urban, commercial economy and lay patronage of education, and predominantly the arts. Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Donato Bramante and Titian are just some of the Italian artists, sculptors and architects of the high renaissance. England was not drawn into the massive success of the visual arts and did not really contribute at all, but Englands contribution to the renaissance came form there extraordinary ability to write poetry and plays. Shakespeare was the main contributor to English poetry and plays. Humanism was an established idea it focussed on education. They wanted to educate people to be able to read and learn Latin and Greek. This meant the people of this time were very articulate and many were master orators. This is why Shakespeares plays are so full or word puns and his jokes are all based on the playing with words. His plays were very descriptive and all the action was acted through the words as Shakespeare did not have the effects we can produce now. .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6 , .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6 .postImageUrl , .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6 , .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6:hover , .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6:visited , .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6:active { border:0!important; } .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6:active , .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6 .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua0c40101bcdabd2a9b6a9c12d46ffce6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does Shakespeare create an atmosphere of tension in Act 1 Scene 5? EssayEach play that is written is generally a product from its own society and in King Lear we see that Shakespeares inspiration has come from the contemporary society around him, books in history, the monarch changing and the Renaissance. Shakespeare wrote the play at the fin de siecle and great things were known to happen around this time. In King Lear I think Shakespeare created a great play that was written with challenging political thoughts, humour and an aged old story inspired by history and observations of contemporary scandal in the society around him.

Use or Misuse of Medicines in Western Society

Bradburd, Danell. Being There: Necessity of Fieldwork. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998. A medicine is generally defined as a chemical component that helps the person taking it in overcoming some unwanted feelings one may be experiencing in the body. A good example is the normal painkiller that people buy over-the-counter. Such over the counter medications can however be abused due to their availability, thus one may end up becoming an addict or a slave to them. There have been reports of people who are addicts of over-the-counter medication and they have to undergo some form of rehabilitation in a bid to quit this unbecoming habit.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Use or Misuse of Medicines in Western Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ellen, Roy F. Ethnographic Research: A Guide to General Conduct.  Academic Press, 1998. When people take drugs over and over again, they tend to become used to the effects and cannot seem to function without the drugs in their bodies. They end up adapting to the presence of the toxic chemicals in them, which is described as developing tolerance.  They end up increasing the dosage in a bid to keep up the flame of feeling high. People who regularly use alcohol, tobacco, coffee and tea will have developed tolerance to them. They may feel unwell when they stop taking the drug. Ferraro, Gary and Susan Andreatta. Cultural Anthropology.  Wadsworth Publishers, 2008. Back then, the term drugs was used to describe the hard drugs like heroin, marijuana and cocaine among others. But this is not the case anymore.  People in the medical field now often use the phrase ‘substance dependence’ to refer to psychological dependence where there may be no withdrawal patterns or lenience and physical reliance. Most of these illegal drugs help in stimulating the brain receptors. Most of them block the inactivation of the dopamine thus r eleasing chemicals in the endings of the nerves. There have been studies conducted in a bid to understand how the addictive drugs affect the human brain and the consequences thereof. Flick, Uwe. An Introduction to Qualitative Research. SAGE, 1995. It is therefore is not a major shock that most young adults like trying most of these drugs in a bid to feel the effects on a first hand basis instead of just hearing of the effects from other people.  According to most of the conducted researches, there happens to be no form of relationship between academic performance and drugs or trying to be received socially. However, these studies were limited to only specific drugs discussion. Geest, Sjaak van der and Susan Reynolds Whyte. The Context of Medicines in Developing Countries. Kliwer Academic Publishers, 1988. There have been tremendous changes in the fight against the use of these illegal substances in the western societies. The drugs that were once considered to be safe and fit for h uman consumption soon became a pandemic that was threatening to take down the current generations. Some of the drug addicts have often given excuses for their indecent behaviors by saying that they do it in a bid to escape from the harsh reality of life while others say they do it as a form of stress relief mechanism.Advertising Looking for annotated bibliography on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hanson, Glen, et al. Drugs and Society. Jones and Bartlett, 2009. Withdrawal from these drugs in an ill fashioned manner is often regarded as dangerous. This is because the body has already adapted to the addictive substances and thus just stopping usage in a bid to clean oneself may actually cause death. It is advisable to seek the services of a qualified medical doctor in a bid to kick out this unbecoming behavior, become drug-free again and stop being a slave of these drugs. Hatch, Amos. Doing Qualitative Researc h in Education Settings. State U of New York P, 2002. In an attempt to try and arrest the drug abusing situation in the westernized societies, the government started establishing federal control centers and polices.  These policies comprised of information on drug use and also determined which drugs were to be classified as controlled substances or those which had been declared illegal and unacceptable for any form of use. Similar agencies were set up in other states in a bid to curb the rising use of illegal substances. Regulating bodies made it even more difficult to buy drugs over the counter in pharmacies except for a few drugs. Marks, David and Brian Evans. Health Psychology.  SAGE, 2000. Among the numerous studies conducted in a bid to figure out the most affected groups, it was discovered that university undergraduate students and the young adults were the people who were abusing drugs most, for no apparent reason but to just try and pleasure themselves. This was as early as in the nineteen seventies. In the late nineteen seventies, use of cocaine and heroin became rampant in the United States and especially among the youth. The law enforcement agencies had no information about this and this was also enhanced by the fact that there were corrupt law enforcement officers, especially in the state of New York. Maykut, Pamela and Richard Morehouse. Beginning Qualitative Research. Falmer Press Taylor Francis, 1994. Since mankind started discovering himself, drugs have been used to change how people feel or perceive the world. It is amazing how different cultures have come up with different ways of developing and controlling the drugs that they use, be it for medication purposes or for other different uses. In the many different cultures, drugs have different uses in that some may be used as pain relievers in some cultures. The same may be banned substances in others cultures or they may be viewed as controlled substances. Drug abuse has become an unwante d norm in our society.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Use or Misuse of Medicines in Western Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has led to severe health effects and exacerbated instances of crime. Laws have been passed that all addicts should be classified as criminals and they should face consequences once they are arrested and prosecuted in a court of law for their hideous crimes against themselves. This has however not done much in deterring the habit of substance abuse from going on. Numerous campaigns and public awareness seminars have also not really offered much of solutions in the quest to let the public know about the dangers of drug abuse and self medication. Marshall, Catherine and Gretchen Rossman. Designing Qualitative Research Records. SAGE, 1946. In the Western society, drug addiction and abuse is generally viewed as a form of sickness that affects the person abusing the drugs. This is said to have created an illusion to the society that the affected people have no ability or control of their ways thus making them be sidelined by the society. It is now evident that in the Western world, societies have evolved to become addicted to anything that eases the day-to-day living in terms of sex, food and even work. This however also comes with addictives that are not good enough for us thus, creating some form of tussle which is said to attract great suffering. McKay, John P., et al. A History of Western Society since 1300 for Advanced Placement. Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2008. Parents and the society at large should not assume that this is the government’s sole responsibility to eradicate drugs off our streets and schools, but they ought to help in stemming out this social evil. If parents ignore their responsibility, it will be very hard for the government to handle the issue of drug abuse alone. The morals should stem right from the family poi nt and when enhanced in every family, the entire society will generally assume a responsible attitude. Strict regulations by the government will however be effective in reducing presence and abuse of drugs in the society. McKay, John, et al. A History of Western Society, Volume B: From Renaissance to 1815. Bedford/St Martin’s, 2007. This caused the establishment of the Drug Enforcement Agency which is normally known as the DEA. Strict and harsh penalties were imposed on offenders and even worse penalties were imposed on law enforcement officers who were caught colluding with these uncouth drug barons.Advertising Looking for annotated bibliography on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This helped in reducing the spread and usage of these narcotic substances. The police were also trained on how to effectively handle these matters. They were also rewarded handsomely in a bid to prevent them from engaging in the drug business. Schensul, Stephen L. and Jean J. Schensul. Essential Ethnographic Methods: Observation, Interviews and Questionnaires. Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 1999. The newspapers in the New York state started narrating these drug stories and this brought about a lot of awareness and the few good cops decided that it was time to act.  By the time they were getting rid of this hideous activity in the state of New York, they had arrested almost three quarters of the entire police force. This also was coupled with arrests in the judicial system because the drug barons had bought their freedom all the way to the top. Sulton, Mark Q. and Eugene Newton Anderson. Introduction to Cultural Ecology. Altamira Press, 2010. In an attempt to arrest the situation, the American government put some comprehensive drug control policies. Public education was reintroduced and this time was brought in schools in the affected states. This was intended to teach the young generation the dangers of drug abuse and the consequences one was likely to face in life and also if one got caught by the government. Schools were encouraged to take strict multi-disciplinary actions against any student who was caught engaging in drug trafficking or using any of the illegal substances. Vincanne, Adams, et al. Medicine between Science and Religion. Berghahn Books, 2011. The misuse of medicine in the western society clearly came with dire repercussions and it has made some people lose lives and also lose out on being loyal citizens.  It is a shame that even amidst all the education efforts being conducted in an effort to educate the youth and eradicate this social evil, there still are a good number of people who end up getting drawn into this behavior of drug abuse . Bibliography Bradburd, Danell. Being There: Necessity of Fieldwork. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998. Ellen, Roy F. Ethnographic Research: A Guide to General Conduct. Academic Press, 1998. Ferraro, Gary and Andreatta Susan. Cultural Anthropology. Wadsworth Publishers, 2008. Flick, Uwe. An Introduction to Qualitative Research. SAGE, 1995. Geest, Sjaak van der and Susan Reynolds Whyte. The Context of Medicines in Developing Countries. Kliwer Academic Publishers, 1988. Hanson, Glen, et al. Drugs and Society. Jones and Bartlett, 2009. Hatch, Amos. Doing Qualitative Research in Education Settings. State U of New York P, 2002. Marks, David and Brian Evans. Health Psychology. SAGE, 2000. Marshall, Catherine and Gretchen Rossman. Designing Qualitative Research Records. SAGE, 1946. Maykut, Pamela and Richard Morehouse. Beginning Qualitative Research. Falmer Press Taylor Francis, 1994. McKay, John P., et al. A History of Western Society since 1300 for Advanced Placement. Bedford/St. Mar tin’s, 2008. McKay, John, et al. A History of Western Society, Volume B: From Renaissance to 1815. Bedford/St Martin’s, 2007. Schensul, Stephen L. and Jean J. Schensul. Essential Ethnographic Methods: Observation, Interviews and Questionnaires. Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 1999. Sulton, Mark Q. and Eugene Newton Anderson. Introduction to Cultural Ecology. Altamira Press, 2010. Vincanne, Adams, et al. Medicine between Science and Religion. Berghahn Books, 2011. This annotated bibliography on Use or Misuse of Medicines in Western Society was written and submitted by user Alfonso Burch to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Storming of the bastille

Storming of the bastille In July 14, 1789 , the French populous exercised first its domination on the government. The Bastille was an old fortress that served like a state prison. The French people despised the Bastille because it represented all that they hated about the French government: it was a symbol of the unlimited power of the government, and was rumoured to be so by the stories of the torments and the beatings that prisoners received.French etching from 1789 depicting the storming of...In that day in July, a rumor had circulated that troops would be sent to the national Assembly. A crowd of people surrounded the Bastille. These people that took this action were some of the most skillful tradesmen and merchants, not just beggars that sought a little more money. Although these were respectable people that place the place, they did not have the media to carry it was, and this was the exact purpose to take the Bastille. If the rumors were true of the King that throws to troops to be separated the Natio nal Assembly, the citizens needed some way to defend to itself. The Bastille contained tubes, muskets, and the gunpowder -what the citizens needed.The multitude did the initial demands to assure the weapons in its own possession and to dismantle the tube that was indicated toward outside toward the citizens. Inevitably, the multitude left hand, and the to fight began. The majority of the citizens did not they have none arms to fight with, and with some muskets had, but nothing to shoot of them, so several copies were utilized, the very popular one was a combination of nails and gunpowder. The citizens descended one of the movable bridges and they began to assault in and to force the other down also. The veterans harbored in the Bastille threw a surrender,

Faith Healing and the government should it be protected or monitored Dissertation

Faith Healing and the government should it be protected or monitored - Dissertation Example (1)Is refusal of medical treatment to children due to parents’ religious beliefs a valid and legitimate decision? (2) Can faith healing be considered as viable medical approach? To clarify further these questions the following sub-questions are addressed: Is the practice of faith healing a religious right? Should faith healing be protected by the state? Is faith healing, as practice, be considered as child abuse and first-degree murder when parents avoid using western medicine on a treatable illness and their child eventually dies? Is faith healing similar with placebo effect? The research used qualitative research for its research methodology and employed documentary analysis, group discussion, and reflection journal for its method. Some of the findings of the research are: (1) Religious belief and faith healing are the same even if the two concepts are closely connected. (2) Faith healing is not a viable form of health care service. (3) There is need to clarify further the n otion of religious belief, since, there is ambivalence in its understanding. This ambivalence affects Court decisions regarding parental decisions refusing medical treatment for their child. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 5 1.1.Background of the Study 6 1.2. Research Questions 8 1.3. Objective and Aims of the Research 10 1.4. Significance of the Study 11 1.5.Assumptions of the Study 11 1.6. Theoretical Framework 12 1.7. Definition of Terms 13 1.8.Structure of the Dissertation 15 Chapter 2 On Religious Beliefs and Refusal of Medical Treatments 16 2.1. Introduction 16 2.2. Religious Beliefs: A Search for its Meaning 18 2.2.1. A View of Religion 19 2.2.2. On the Idea of God: A Very Brief Elucidation 26 2.2.3. Spirituality 28 2.2.4. On Religious Beliefs: An Attempt to Definition 31 2.3.1. Parental Decision and Religious Belief: Parental Control 34 2.3.2. Free Exercise Clause: Parental Decision and Refusal for Medical Treatment 36 2.3.4. On the Other Side: The State and Parens Patria 38 2.3.4.1. The Clash: The British Approach 40 2.3.4.2. The Clash: The American Approach 41 2.4. Some Observations 42 Summary 43 Chapter 3 On Faith Healing 44 3.1. Introduction 44 3.2. Faith Healing: A Brief History and Its Definition 46 3.2.1. Faith Healing: Its Definition 48 3.3 Faith Healing and the State 50 3.4. Faith Healing and Placebo Effect 51 Summary 53 Chapter 4 Research Methodology 54 4.1.Introduction 54 4.2. Research Design 54 4.3. Research Methodology 56 4.4. Research Approach 57 4.5. Method of Data Collection 57 4.6. Ethical Consideration 60 Chapter 5 Findings and Discussion 63 5.1. Introduction 63 5.2. The Findings 63 5.2.1. A Conceptual Understanding of Religious Belief 64 5.2.1.1. Religious Beliefs, Validity, and Decision-Making 65 5.2.1.2. Religious Beliefs, Decision, and Legitimacy 66 5.2. Faith Healing: A Healing Alternative? 67 5.2.1. Faith Healing: Alternative Health Care 68 5.2.2. Faith healing and Placebo 69 5.3. Discussion 70 Summary 73 Chapter 6 Conc lusion and Recommendation 74 6.1. Conclusion 74 6.2. Recommendations 76 References 77 List of Figure Figure 1 p. 12 Figure 2 p. 25 Figure 3 p. 29 Figure 4 p. 31 Figure 5 p. 55

Ethics in criminal justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Ethics in criminal justice - Essay Example Crime would decrease, as per the stated, consequent to the fact that the maximum penalties are allotted and, as mentioned, extenuating circumstances will not be considered. Within the context of the stated, zero tolerance emerges as highly egalitarian and consequently, ethical but, deeper investigation and more critical consideration of its implications indicates that, not only is the policy is not ethical. Zero tolerance is undeniably egalitarian. It holds that all individuals, irrespective of who they are or the circumstances surrounding their case, will be treated equally as regards the violation of particular laws. Given that there is hardly a legal system which is not founded upon the notion of all citizens as equal before the law, zero tolerance appears to emerge from within the very framework of legal ethics insofar as it offset the potential for the discriminatory application and implementation of the law (McArdle and Erzen, 2001). Judged on this basis, therefore, zero tolerance is ethical. Deeper investigation, however, indicates that zero tolerance is founded on a perverted notion of egalitarianism and can hardly be considered ethical. The fact of the matter is that, as Ayers et al. (2001) point out, rarely are all things equal in a crime; one who habitually drives under the influence, thereby exhibiting a persistent disregard for human life, can hardly be judged as equal to one who has only been found guilty of driving under the influence once. Similarly, a young girl who has been found guilty of solicitation can hardly be judged as would a seasoned prostitute. The point here is that all things are not equal and to impose artificial equality on comparable crimes, as does the zero tolerance policy, is to ignore the circumstances which led to the crime and which, indeed, may excuse it. Quite simply stated, giving a homeless teen jail-time for solicitation which may very will have

The Image of God in Islam, Judaism, and Christianity Essay - 1

The Image of God in Islam, Judaism, and Christianity - Essay Example Usually the clearest expression of this formula employs the vocabulary of religion, and particularly the word "God." Judaism The Old Testament, which the Jews follow as their holy book, tells them that the God is one. They have to believe on the oneness and purity of God. And he said, tomorrow. And he said, be it according to thy word; that thou mayest know that there is none like unto the LORD our God. (Exodus 8:10) Unto thee it was showed, that thou mightest know that the LORD he is God; there is none else beside him. (Deuteronomy 4:35) Know therefore this day, and consider it in thine heart, that the LORD he is God in heaven above, and upon the earth beneath: there is none else. (Deuteronomy 4:39) And he said, LORD God of Israel, there is no God like thee, in heaven above, or on earth beneath, who keepest covenant and mercy with thy servants that walk before thee with all their heart: (1 Kings 8:23) Above verses were taken from the Old Testament (King James Version) idea of the unity of God is vigorously proclaimed, and it is made the foundation of faith and conduct. It is not accidental that the oneness of Israel's God and the requirement of absolute, unqualified love for him are announced in the same biblical passage. Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God is one LORD (Deuteronomy 6:4) and thou shalt love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might (Deuteronomy 6:5) This oneness has both an intellectual and a religious basis. Reason seeks a unifying principle faith, a single object of supreme devotion. Thus man's philosophical quest for ultimate reality and his historical worship of the one God have contributed to a deepening certainty that God is one.

Market overview for elevator products and services

Market overview for elevator products and services Aggregate global demand for elevator / escalator products and services is projected to increase 5.6% per year through 2009 to more than $20 billion. Fueling gains will be economic recovery and expansion in the mature markets of the developed world, coupled with ongoing industrialization among the less advanced countries of Asia. The world elevator market rose at a relatively healthy pace throughout most of the 1990s in a generally sanguine global macroeconomic climate. Basically strong economic growth in developing countries was briefly interrupted in 1997-1998 by a financial crisis engulfing many East Asian and Latin Americans nations, as well as Russia. Fallout form the crisis continued to adversely impact the elevator market into 1999 and 2000, as trends in the elevator market tend to lag developments in the macro economy by a few years. Subsequently, as the emerging market began to recover, growth in Western Eur0pe and North America was depressed in the wake of the global economic slowdown precipitated in the US, although by 2004 a recovery was apparent in most markets. In the developed world, gains will reflect an expected recovery in office construction, as vacancy rates come down in major global financial centers such as Tokyo and London. Over the long term, development of the residential sector, especially in the largely untapped US market where single-family homes predominate, will also create opportunities, supported by again populations and regulations such as the Americans with Disabilities Act. In Europe, adoption of new EU-wide safety regulations for existing lifts will bolster the modernization/upgrade service segment. The fastest growth is anticipated in the worlds developing regions Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa and the Middle East. In developing countries, market expansion will reflect increased urbanization, as virtually all structures in large third-world cities require elevators. Aftermarket services are also not well established, even in more developed countries such as South Korea and hence offer a sizable potential market which major global suppliers such as OTIS are actively working to develop. China, which has already emerged as the largest global elevator market in unit terms, will continue to log explosive gains, with the genesis of a lucrative service aftermarket bolstering the robust OEM business. Almost half of the increase in passenger and freight elevator unit sales will be attributable to China, where per capita elevator use remains less than 10% of that typical of Western Europe. TABLE III 1 WORLD ELEVATOR MARKET BY REGION (billion dollars) Item 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 World Urban Population (mil persons) 2516 2811 3119 3443 3790 Bldg. Construct Expend (bil 2000$) 2900 3324 4254 5270 6661 $ elevator/urban capita 10 11 12 15 17 $ elevators/000$ construct 8.6 9.0 9.1 9.6 9.9 World Elevator Market 24.9 30.0 38.5 50.5 66.2 North America : 4.0 5.0 5.8 7.4 8.9 United States 3.6 4.5 5.1 6.5 7.8 Canada Mexico 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.1 Western Europe : 11.7 13.8 16.1 19.3 23.0 Asia/Pacific : 6.5 8.0 12.4 18.4 27.0 China 0.9 1.2 3.5 6.9 12.3 Japan 4.5 5.3 6.4 7.9 9.5 India 0.4 0.6 1.2 1.7 2.5 Other Asia/Pacific 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.9 2.7 Other Regions : 2.7 3.2 4.2 5.5 7.4 Latin America 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.9 2.5 Eastern Europe 1.2 1.4 1.8 2.3 3.0 Africa/Midest 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.9 Source : The Freedonia Group, Inc. CHART III 1 WORLD ELEVATOR MARKET BY REGION, 2009 ($50.5 billion) Source : The Freedonia Group, Inc. 3.1.1 Regional Profile Given the modernized economies, well-developed industrial and commercial sectors, prosperous consumer populations and highly evolved building/nonbuilding construction infrastructures in place throughout the developed world, most OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development) countries maintain large markets for elevator/escalator products and services relative to population and size of the economy. These include the US, Western Europe, Japan (the largest global market in value terms, reflecting the countrys aged, urban population and stringent safety standards) and Australia and New Zealand. The nations of Eastern Europe, especially Russia and certain of the other more industrialized states of the former Soviet Union, also comprise markets of some significance, but they tend to be much smaller in both absolute and relative terms than those of the major Western countries. However, the fastest growing markets for elevator products and services are typically found within the developing regions, especially Asia and to a lesser extent Latin America and Africa/Mideast as well. As numerous countries within these regions work to industrialize their economies, they are facing rising infrastructure expansion and modernization requirements, which has led to extensive building construction activity. Another key aspect of the industrialization process in most countries is increasing urbanization, as individuals and households migrate from rural areas to cities to participate in the growing economic opportunities available there. Such dynamics are positively correlated to the development of markets for construction-related products like elevator systems; moreover, as the number of systems installed increases, markets for related maintenance/repair and eventually modernization, services tend to emerge as a matter of course. 3.1.2 Multinational Parameters Trade Flows Like most industries, the elevator business has become increasingly international in scope in recent decades. The physical nature of elevator / escalator system largely, bulky, involving numerous component parts, etc., renders them not easily transportable. In addition, elevator manufacturers often prefer to have local manufacturing capacity, which allows them to better satisfy local requirements (e.g., regulations and standards) and cultivate lucrative aftermarket service relationships. As such, foreign trade per se is not as extensive in the industry as in most durable goods manufacturing businesses. Foreign trade is some what more prevalent in the replacement parts and components segments of the business. However, multinational investment on part of the leading producers (and even a few of the mid-sized and smaller ones) is extremely prevalent. This takes the form of direct ownership of overseas based subsidiaries, manufacturing facilities and other assets and after sales servicing and technical support networks. Moreover, in recent years there has been an effort on the part of major producers such as OTIS and KONE to consolidate their global operations and shift production capacity to lower cost venues in the developing world, which has increased the importance of cross-border trade. As the global elevator industry continues to restructure and consolidate, the home base of operations of the major players is becoming increasingly less relevant to the competitive dynamics of the business, with a handful of multinational companies dominating the business in most geographic areas especially with respect to product manufacturing. The service segment remains considerably most fragmented, but it too is consolidating rapidly. As global companies manufacturer and install their systems in given countries, they have a direct incentive to invest in after sales servicing networks in these countries as well, which is also prompting consolidation in the service segment of the business. Such dynamics are expected to become more rather than less pronounced going forward, as the economics of the business favor large companies with a multinational reach. 3.2 Demand by Product Service Elevators, escalators and related products are used to physically move individuals, freight and sometimes other items from one place to another within a building, facility or some other designated place. The movement occurs either vertically (in the case of elevating and lifting equipment), at an incline (escalators) or horizontally (moving walkways). Elevators and escalators are thus integral components of many types of structures, especially those with multiple floors or levels and/or involving an extensive amount of physical space. Aggregate world demand for elevator products and services is projected to increase 5.6% per year through 2009 to more than $50 billion, an improvement from the 1994-2004 pace. Fueling gains will be an upswing in new system installations, accompanying expected recovery in nonresidential building activity in Japan, Western Europe and the Americas. This will help to offset some slowing in residential building construction, which is an important indicator of elevator demand outside of North America . Preventing faster gains especially on the products die is the high degree of maturity of the elevator / escalator market in the developed world, which has prompted leading vendors to target high growth markets in the Pacific Rim and other developing areas which hold the greatest potential for incremental increases in new installations going forward. Also fueling growth will be technological innovations in letter generation system including microprocessor based controls and sensors, remote monitoring, automated performance and generate further demand, at both the new installation and modernization/upgrade ends of the business. In addition, retrofits to comply with changing building codes and federal mandates will rejuvenate the upgrade/modernization services market, especially in North America and Western Europe. TABLE III 2 WORLD ELEVATOR EQUIPMENT SERVICE MARKET (billion dollars) Item 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 Bldg Construct Expend (bil 2000$) 2900 3324 4254 5270 6661 $ elevators/000$ construction 8.6 9.0 9.1 9.6 10.0 World Elevator Market 24.9 30.0 38.5 50.6 66.3 Equipment : 8.8 10.9 15.0 21.2 29.5 Passenger Freight 6.2 7.5 10.2 14.1 19.0 Escalators Moving Walkways 0.8 1.0 1.6 2.6 4.0 Parts Other 1.8 2.4 3.2 4.6 6.6 Services : 16.1 19.1 23.5 29.3 36.8 Installation 2.6 3.2 4.1 5.5 7.3 Modernization Repair 13.4 16.0 19.4 23.8 29.5 Source : The Freedonia Group, Inc CHART III-2 WORLD ELEVATOR EQUIPMENT SERVICE MARKET, 1994-2014 (billion dollars) Source : The Freedonia Group, Inc. 3.2.1 Equipment World demand for elevator and escalator products totaled $15 billion in 2004 billion in 2004, accounting for approximately 40% of the total elevator/escalator market. For present purposes, elevator products are defined to include passenger and freight elevators and associated products. Demand is projected to post a 7.1% per annum increase through 2009 to $21.2 billion. Growth will stem from improving cyclical dynamics, in particular a revival in nonresidential construction spending especially in the key office/commercial/lodging and industrial building sectors. Gains will be best for machine room less (MRL) elevators, which will benefit from expansion of the global retail and (especially) transportation sectors. 3.2.2 Passenger Freight Elevators Global demand for passenger and freight elevators is projected to rise 5.7% per annum through 2009 to almost 4,40,000 units, of which over 60% will be the newer machine room less (MRL) type. Along with improving cyclical dynamics and continued secular growth in the developing world, gains will be fueled by increased penetration of less traditional market segments, such as single-family residences. The latter is a key consideration in North America, where single family housing is more prevalent than in Europe and Asia. Even in the latter regions, however, again of the population will create opportunities in the residential segment, as elevators are increasingly designed into low-rise buildings which would previously have relied exclusively on staircases. As a result, the installed base will expand from 7.4 million units in 2004 to 9.2 million in 2009. In value terms, demand for passenger and freight elevators will grow 6.6% per year to $14 billion in 2009. While intense global competition and greater reliance on low footprint units will hold down cost increases, higher fuel and energy costs and the expanding technical complexity of latter generation elevator system, which can be priced at a premium relative to earlier designs, will contribute to price inflation. Passenger and freight elevators, as the name implies, are general purpose lifting systems designed to vertically transport individuals and commodities between different floors or levels within a single building or facility. From a technological standpoint, essentially all modern passenger and freight elevators are either the hydraulic (powered by pressurized liquid) or traction (electric powered) type; the latter can be either geared or gearless. Hydraulic came into prominence during the 1950sm surpassing the geared market which was prominent prior to that time and remain the dominant type in the US. Traditional traction elevators remain in broader use in Europe and Asia, although in Europe they have been widely supplanted by MRLs since the mid 1990s. The newer MRL elevator types incorporate the gears and control into the elevator shaft, rather than a separate machine room, and hence provide greater design flexibility, as well as energy and (in some cases) cost savings. MRLs have made significant inroads in Western Europe and will continue to penetrate North America, Asia and other regions. Moreover, while initially suited only for buildings upto 7 stories, MRLs have not been adapted for use upto about 25 stories, substantially broadening the potential market. TABLE III 3 WORLD PASSENGER FREIGHT ELEVATOR MARKET (million dollars) Item 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 World Elevator Market 24893 30015 38536 50550 66300 % Passenger Freight 24.8 25.1 26.5 27.8 28.6 Passenger/Freight Elevator Market 6175 7532 10220 14050 18950 North America : 665 977 1160 1700 2100 United States 585 873 1000 1480 1800 Canada Mexico 80 104 160 220 300 Western Europe 2155 2645 3125 3940 4850 Asia/Pacific : 2575 2975 4660 6650 9525 China 425 550 1600 2800 4700 Japan 1650 1800 2000 2325 2700 India 220 305 470 745 950 Other Asia/Pacific : 280 320 590 780 1175 Other Regions : 780 935 1275 1760 2475 Latin America 305 360 450 615 840 Eastern Europe 265 275 425 595 825 Africa/Midest 210 300 400 550 810 000$/Unit 31.8 33.0 30.8 32.0 33.0 P/F Elevator Market (000 Units) 194 228 332 439 575 Machine Room 194 203 232 164 100 Machine Room Less 25 100 275 475 % New 3.8 3.8 4.5 4.8 4.9 P/F Elev. Installed Base (000 Units) 5120 6035 7355 9220 11700 Source : The Freedonia Group, Inc. Elevator related service revenues are generated when new systems are installed and then subsequently as installed systems are repaired and maintained over their useful lives. Major renovations or upgrades on existing systems are oftern undertaken as well; for present purposes this type of activity is classified under repair/modernization. Not surprisingly given their much larger installed base, elevating/lifting systems account for a substantially higher share of the total service market than escalators and moving walkways, in both the new installation and repair/modernization segments. TABLE III 4 WORLD ELEVATOR SERVICE MARKET BY TYPE (billion dollars) Item 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 World Elevator Market 24893 30015 38536 50550 66300 % Services 64.6 63.7 61.0 58.0 55.5 Elevator Service Market 16.1 19.1 23.5 29.3 36.8 Installation 2.6 3.2 4.1 5.5 7.3 Repair Modernization 13.4 16.0 19.4 23.8 29.5 Repair Maintenance 11.6 13.5 15.8 18.3 21.0 Modernization/Upgrade 1.8 2.5 3.6 5.5 8.5 Source : The Freedonia Group, Inc. 3.2.3 Installation World revenues generated from the installation of new elevator/escalators systems are projected to increase 6.1% per year through 2009 to $5.5 billion. Installation revenues will grow somewhat more slowly than will new elevator and escalator equipment demand. This reflects the fact that elevator/escalator vendors have been working aggressively in recent years to lower the installation costs of their system, in orde3r to increase new business volume. TABLE III 5 WORLD ELEVATOR INSTALLATION REVENUES BY REGION (million dollars) Item 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 World Elevator Service Market 16079 19118 23491 29300 36800 % Installations 16.5 16.5 17.4 18.8 19.7 Installation Revenues 2650 3153 4087 5500 7245 North America : 372 484 530 735 880 United States 338 440 464 650 765 Canada Mexico 34 44 66 85 115 Western Europe 963 1162 1350 1670 2020 Asia/Pacific : 1093 1236 1831 2570 3600 China 144 188 563 1025 1725 Japan 752 804 872 990 1120 India 87 126 168 255 345 Other Asia/Pacific : 110 128 228 300 410 Other Regions : 222 271 376 525 745 Latin America 81 97 123 170 235 Eastern Europe 80 86 134 190 265 Africa/Midest 61 88 119 165 245 Source : The Freedonia Group, Inc. 3.2.4 Repair Modernization Revenues derived from the provision of repair, maintenance and upgrade/modernization services on existing elevator/escalator system are projected to increase 4.2% per annum through 2009 to $23.8 billion, which compares favorably to longer term historical norms. Repair and maintenance revenues will expand just 3.0% per annum to $18.3 billion in 2009, trailing all other product and service segments. In much of the developing world, maintenance spending is perceived as an unaffordable luxury; building owners and managers tend to wait for an elevator to fail before they will invest in maintenance/repair. However, there is evidence that this is beginning to change as major Western and Japanese elevator companies work to educate their equipment customers about the importance of routine servicing. Service requirements tend to be highest in Japan, where for cultural reasons elevator failures are considered to be unacceptable. As in case of elevator and escalator systems themselves, the provision of related repair/maintenance services has benefited significantly in recent years from the application of a advanced technology. What has become especially prominent of late are computer based monitoring tools that can detect system faults (or even potential faults) and alert service technicians immediately. Repair/maintenance services can be performed on a contract basis, or on an as needed service call basis for building owners and other operators that do not maintain contracts. In addition, there is considerable potential for business activity on the modernization upgrade side of this market, in terms of retrofitting existing systems to be compatible with new building codes, the Americans with Disability Act (in the US), the safety Norm for Existing Lifts 9SNEL-in Western Europe) and other mandates. A number of the leading elevator vendors have in recent years launched modernization packages designed specifically to comply with the requirements of these mandates. Examples include Schindlers SCHINDLER 6200 and KONEs MAXISPACE. The latter allows users to replace a 4 passenger car with a 6 or even 8 passenger lift. More generally, numerous building owners will want to upgrade existing elevator/escalator systems to incorporate the latest technological advances along such parameters as improved safety and enhanced performance and energy efficiency characteristics, and this will provide further momentum to the repair/modernization service market overall. Modernization revenues are forecast to rise 8.8% annually through 2009 to $5.5 billion, making this the fastest growing segment of the elevator business. Modernization projects can range from replacing controls and interior fittings, to installing new doors or other structural components, to incorporating advanced electronics based sensors and monitoring tools, to complete renovations of entire elevator cabs or replacement of escalator stairs. TABLE III 6 WORLD ELEVATOR REPAIR MODERNIZATION REVENUES BY REGION (million dollars) Item 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 World Elevator Service Market 16079 19118 23491 29300 36800 % Repair Modernization 83.5 83.5 82.6 81.2 80.0 Repair Modernization 13429 15965 19404 23800 29450 North America : 2518 2981 3529 4190 5025 United States 2217 2646 3145 3735 4485 Canada Mexico 301 335 384 455 540 Western Europe 7731 8918 10355 12115 14240 Asia/Pacific : 1848 2492 3609 5110 7165 China 55 110 270 645 1350 Japan 1516 1957 2664 3430 4275 India 42 95 210 410 745 Other Asia/Pacific : 235 330 465 625 795 Other Regions : 1332 1574 1911 2385 3020 Latin America 472 554 688 865 1095 Eastern Europe 742 852 983 1180 1445 Africa/Midest 118 168 240 340 480 Source : The Freedonia Group, Inc. 3.3 Demand by Market Elevator related products and services are utilized in a broad array of buildings and facilities featuring multiple floors or levels, as well as in certain single-floor and even non-building type settings. Large, well-trafficked facilities with multiple levels office buildings, institutions such as hospitals and schools, department stores and other retail establishments, hotels and motels, factories and warehouses, etc., tend to be the most intensive users of elevator products and services.

Great Britain and the Industrial Revolution Essay -- Essays Papers

Great Britain and the Industrial Revolution Why did Great Britain lead the Industrial Revolution? The Industrial Revolution of the 18th century changed Europe forever. At the front of this change was Great Britain, which used some natural advantages and tremendous thinking and innovation to become the leader of the Industrial Revolution. First, Britain had some tremendous natural attributes. It was naturally endowed with many deposits of coal and iron ore, which were used heavily in the early stages of factory production. In addition, Britain was situated at a critical point for international trade. Its position between the United States and the rest of Europe allowed them to have a serious impact in all matters of trade. Likewise, a multitude of navigable waterways, easy access to the sea, and a mild climate all contributed to the onset of industrialism. Britain's topography was conducive to industrialism because its diversity allowed for the production of many agricultural products, preventing any sort of shortage or famine. Evans remarks, â€Å"Each single such advantage could be replicated in other European countries and some could be accentuated, but no other nation enjoyed such a rich combination of natural bounties† (111). Furthermore, the nation was free of many trade tariffs that hampered indus try in other European nations while featuring a real opportunity for upward movement in society which provided a great incentive for acquiring wealth. Britain also experienced tremendous population growth which provided a potential workforce as well as an increase in the demand for goods. In addition to all of these natural assets, there was also great innovation and technological advance in Britain. One of the b... ...not on governments, but on men of initiative, determination, ambition, vision, resourcefulness, single-mindedness, and (not infrequently) good, honest greed† (117). The Industrial Revolution, led by Great Britain, greatly changed the existing attitude of powerlessness towards nature to one of power because now people were able to produce enough goods and food to support the expanding population. The ability to produce a surplus that arose from the ongoing industrialization meant that people no longer had to worry over nature and its effects on the economy. The Industrial Revolution led by Great Britain radically changed Europe's social and economic ways of life and provided the impetus for the tremendous progress of the 19th century. Work Cited Evans, Eric J. The Forging of the Modern State: Early Industrial Britain. London and New York: Longman, 1996.